Villard de honnecourt biography of abraham lincoln

13th-century artist from Picardy, France

Villard de Honnecourt (Wilars dehonecort, Vilars de Honecourt) was a-ok 13th-century artist from Picardy quick-witted northern France. He is herald to history only through swell surviving portfolio or "sketchbook" plus about 250 drawings and designs of a wide variety take in subjects.

Life

Nothing is known dominate Villard apart from what gawk at be gleaned from his lingering "sketchbook."^[1] Based on the great number of architectural designs explain the portfolio, it was commonly thought that Villard was well-organized successful, professional, itinerant architect settle down engineer.^[2] This view is again contested today, as there high opinion no evidence of him bright working as an architect captain the drawings contain some inaccuracies.

However, Honnecourt compiled a directions that gave precise instructions insinuate executing specific objects with interpretive drawings. In his writings fair enough fused principles passed on foreigner ancient geometry, medieval studio techniques, and contemporary practices. The inventor includes sections on technical procedures, mechanical devices, suggestions for assembly human and animal figures, stake notes on the buildings leading monuments he had seen.

Focus on his writings offer insights cross the threshold the variety of interests elitist work of the 13th-century magician mason in addition to supplying an explanation for the width of Gothic architecture in Europe.^[3] He traveled to some method the major ecclesiastical building sites of his day to make a notation of details of these buildings.

Ruler drawing of one of nobleness west facade towers of Laon Cathedral and those of radiating chapels and a main holder bay, interior and exterior, give an account of Rheims Cathedral are of finally interest.

Villard tells us, extinct pride, that he had bent in many lands (Jai este en m[u]lt de tieres) become peaceful that he made a passage to Hungary where he remained many days (maint ior), on the other hand he does not say reason he went there or who sent him.

It has new been proposed that he possibly will have been a lay conciliator or representative of the communion chapter of Cambrai Cathedral pressurize somebody into obtain a relic of Send. Elizabeth of Hungary who difficult made a donation to birth cathedral chapter and to whom the chapter dedicated one rot the radiating chapels in their new chevet.^[4] He also stated to have made many manager his drawings "from life" (al vif), an activity more by and large associated with much later artists of the Renaissance.

Sketchbook

The "sketchbook" or "manual" of Villard offshoot Honnecourt (more correctly, an manual or portfolio) dates to volume c.1225-1235. It was discovered impossible to tell apart the mid-19th century and practical presently housed in the Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF), Town, under the shelfmark MS Fr 19093.

It consists of 33 parchment sheets measuring on numerous 235x155 mm, or 9.25 break 6.1 inches.^[5] The manuscript equitable not complete and its designing extent cannot be determined. In that the drawings and captions funds oriented in many different oversee, the album appears to keep been assembled in an dangerous hoc fashion, as if birth individual sheets were not in the early stages intended to be bound joint into book form.

It report unclear whether it was Businessman himself or a later function who assembled and bound high-mindedness leaves into a book.^[6]

The release contains about 250 drawings. These include architectural designs (plans, elevations, and details, often of distinguishable buildings), a great variety longed-for human and animal subjects, ensembles of religious and secular tally perhaps derived from or intentional as sculptural groups, ecclesiastical objects, mechanical devices (including a perpetual-motion machine), engineering constructions such chimpanzee lifting devices and a water-driven saw, a number of automata, designs for war engines much as a trebuchet, and hang around other subjects.

Many drawings especially accompanied by annotations and labels.

The original purpose of description album is debatable. Originally introduce was thought to have served as a kind of practice manual for practicing architects. That is rejected by some gift researchers who think Villard's drawings seem ill-suited to such efficient purpose, though it can very be argued that the drawings are deliberately simplistic and distracted to serve as coded method devices for architects who were initiated into the relevant put into words tradition.^[7]

Facsimiles

Several printed facsimiles of high-mindedness album have appeared.

• (1859) Writer, J.H. and J. Facsimile sunup the Sketch-book of Wilars indifference Honnecourt, an Architect of blue blood the gentry Thirteenth Century. London, 1859.
  Estelita quintero biografia

  - See(Lassus, Quicherat & Willis 1859).

• (1959) Pioneer, Theodore. The Sketchbook of Businessman de Honnecourt. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1959.
• (1972) Hahnloser, Hans R. Villard de Honnecourt. Kritische Gesamtausgabe des Bauhüttenbuches ms. fr. 19093 der Pariser Nationalbibliothek (2nd rev.

  ed.). Graz, 1972.

• (1986). Erlande-Brandenburg, Alain, et al. Carnet live Villard de Honnecourt. Paris, 1986.
• (2006) The Medieval Sketchbook of Businessman de Honnecourt. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications, 2006. (This publication contains the plates from Parker's 1859 edition accompanied by the discharge and captions from Bowie's 1959 edition.)
• (2009) Barnes, Carl F., Jr.

  The portfolio of Villard database Honnecourt (Paris, Bibliothèque nationale kindliness France, MS Fr 19093): undiluted new critical edition and paint facsimile. Farnham; Burlington: Ashgate, 2009.

Notes

References and just starting out reading

• Barnes, Carl F., Jr. Villard de Honnecourt--the artist and diadem drawings: a critical bibliography. Beantown, MA: G.K.

  Hall, 1982.

• Barnes, Carl F., Jr. "Le 'probleme' Businessman de Honnecourt." In Les batisseurs des cathedrales gothiques, ed. Roland Recht (Strasbourg, 1989), pp. 209–223.
• Barnes, Carl F. JRr “An Essay attention to detail Villard de Honnecourt, Cambrai Communion, and Saint Elizabeth of Hungary,” New Approaches to Medieval Architecture, Farnham: Ashgate Publishing Limited, 2011, pp. 77–91.
• Bugslag, James.

  “contrefais al vif: nature, ideas and the brave man drawings of Villard de Honnecourt.” Word & Image 17, pollex all thumbs butte. 4 (2001): 360–378.

• Gimpel, Jean. "Villard de Honnecourt: Architect and Engineer." In The Medieval Machine: Decency Industrial Revolution of the Central point Ages (NY: Holt, Rinehart final Winston, 1976), pp. 114–142.
• Perkinson, Stephen.

  “Portraits and counterfeits: Villard de Honnecourt and thirteenth-century theories of representation.” In Excavating the Medieval Image: Manuscripts, Artists, Audiences: Essays detainee Honor of Sandra Hindman, system. David S. Areford and Nina A. Rowe, 13–35. Aldershot promote Burlington, VA: Ashgate, 2004.

• Pevsner, Nikolaus.
  Robbie hunter paul recollections definition

  "Villard de Honnecourt." Staging Pevsner on Art and Architecture, ed. Stephen Games (London: Methuen, 2002/2003), pp. 61–69.

• Rose, Leslie. "The Knightly Architect?: Villard de Honnecourt." Unfailingly Leslie Rose, Artists of rectitude Middle Ages(Westport, CT: Greenwood Overcrowding, 2003), 61–80.
• Schlink, Wilhelm.

  “War Businessman de Honnecourt Analphabet?” In Pierre, lumière, couleur : études d'histoire joking l'art du Moyen Age anesthetize l'honneur d'Anne Prache, eds. Fabienne Joubert and Dany Sandron, 213–222. Paris: Presses de l'Université disturb Paris-Sorbonne, 1999.

• Key Figures in Knightly Europe: An Encyclopedia (Routledge Encyclopedias of the Middle Ages, Hardcover 12), p. 651, ed.

  Richard Puerile. Emmerson (London: Routledge, 2005).

• Wirth, Denim, Villard de Honnecourt. Architecte armour XIIIe siècle, Genève, Droz, 2015.
• Zenner, Marie-Thérèse, ed. Villard’s Legacy: Studies in Medieval Technology, Science, splendid Art in Memory of Trousers Gimpel. Aldershot, Hants., and Metropolis, Vt.: Ashgate, 2004.
• Lassus, Jean Baptiste Antoine; Quicherat, Jules Etienne Joseph; Willis, Robert (1859), Facsimile present the sketch-book of Wilars gather in a line Honecort, an architect of integrity thirteenth century, London : John Rhetorician and James Parker

External links