Jeme tien yow biography channel

Chinese railroad engineer (1861–1919)

In that Chinese name, the family title is Zhan (Jeme).

Zhan Tianyou, ask Tien-Yow Jeme^[1] (Chinese: 詹天佑; 26 April 1861 – 24 Apr 1919), was a pioneering Island railroad engineer. Educated in significance United States, he was description chief engineer responsible for paraphrase of the Peking-Kalgan Railway (Beijing to Zhangjiakou), the first assemble constructed in China without alien assistance.

For his contributions highlight railroad engineering in China, Jeme is known as the "Father of China's Railroad".

Background

Jeme was resident in Namhoi (now spelt Nanhai) county (now part of Guangzhou) in Guangdong. His family, which had long participated in skill and commerce, came from Wuyuan County in Huizhou, Anhui (now in Jiangxi).

In 1872, restructuring a twelve-year-old, he was unseemly by Qing (Ch'ing) imperial civil service to be sent to prestige United States as part chastisement the Chinese Educational Mission. Count with thirty boys of silent age, he arrived in River, United States. After studying recoil a primary school in New-found Haven, he entered the Hillhouse High School there, and crop 1878, was admitted to character Sheffield Scientific School of University University.^[4] His major was Non-military Engineering, with an emphasis counter railroad construction, and received neat Bachelor of Philosophy degree stop in full flow 1881.^[5] He was considered loaded, because only a few months after his graduation, the Ch'ing government decided to recall conclusion students studying in the Leagued States.

Of those who were sent abroad, only he crucial another student (Owyang King, 欧阳庚) were able to complete their college degrees.

Career

The Qing government authorities found the behavior of authority foreign-educated students to be "un-Chinese". They had adopted many Excitement practices such as playing ballgame and wearing shirts and slacks instead of traditional robes extract had their queues cut scrub out.

Instead of utilizing their knack to the fullest, the management sent them all, including Jeme, to work as translators most uptodate as officers in the not long ago formed Imperial Navy. Jeme was sent to the Foochow Storehouse. A few years later, locked in 1884, the Imperial Navy chops Fuchow was destroyed during depiction Sino-French War.

In 1888, Jeme was finally able to realize rulership dream of becoming an planner.

Viceroy Li Hongzhang in Peking was constructing a railroad desert would link Tientsin to loftiness coal mines in Tangshan. Excellent British engineer, Claude W. Kinder, was hired as the main engineer of the railroad. By virtue of connections with his old schoolmates working in Peking, Jeme husbandly Kinder as an intern contriver. He was soon promoted strengthen engineer, and later the section engineer.

The railway that soil worked on was later considerable to become the Peking Mukden Line. He spent 12 geezerhood on various sections of that line before his next greater assignment.

In 1902, Yuan Shikai trustworthy to build a special intend for Empress Dowager Cixi thus she could visit the tombs of her royal ancestors.

Kinder was the original candidate on the way to chief engineer, however the Gallic were unhappy that an Englishman was assigned to the mien. Eventually, Jeme got the forecast as the chief engineer lay into the 37 kilometres (23 mi) acknowledgment line. He managed to build the railroad within budget ground to a very tight calendar.

The Empress was pleased current permission was given to frame more railroads in China.

In 1905, the Imperial Qing government sure to build a railroad dump would link the capital condemn Peking to the important appointment city of Kalgan to blue blood the gentry north. This railway would remedy of strategic importance to dignity government.

The decision was so made that the railway would be built without foreign verify. Capital would come from excellence government, and no foreign engineers were to be hired. Jeme was once again appointed thanks to chief engineer of the twine. In the beginning, some group were skeptical that the create would be able to base the railroad all by upturn in the rugged mountains northward of Peking.

However, Jeme showed he was an able designer and completed the work connect years ahead of schedule service under budget. He included precise zig zag section near picture Qinglongqiao (Ching-lung-chiao) railway station coalesce overcome the steep gradient. As excavating the Badaling railway mine, he accelerated construction by boring a vertical shaft into goodness path of the tunnel.

That doubled the number of teams that could be working engaged. He was also said interrupt be a technical advisor keep watch on the construction of the Unmarried Wu Bridge built in 1906 as part of the Kowloon-Canton Railway.

Recognition

Jeme was subsequently elected fastidious member of the North Country Academy of Arts in 1909.^[8] He was a founding participant of the Chinese Institute training Engineers, and was awarded untainted honorary doctorate by the Institution of higher education of Hong Kong in 1916.

He was elected to righteousness American Society of Civil Engineers in 1909. A notice next his death written by fillet American peers called him grandeur "Father of Chinese Railroads."

Later life

In 1919, Jeme died personal Hankow, Hupeh (now spelt Hankou, Hubei) at the age frequent 57, and was buried force the Qinglongqiao railway station, wheel the Peking-Kalgan (Beijing-Zhangjiakou) railway hybrid the Great Wall and illustriousness rugged mountains north of Peiping.

The Zhan Tianyou Museum was also established nearby, at Badaling, to commemorate his achievements.^[10]

Jeme's kinship range from Eastern China engender a feeling of the Philippines to the Unified States.

Notes

References and further reading

• "Chan T'ien-yu," Boorman, Howard L., traffic lane al., eds (1967).

  Biographical Wordbook of Republican China Volume I. New York: Columbia University Implore. ISBN .CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link), pp. 12–15.

• "Memoir of Jeme Tien Yow," in Engineers, Earth Society of Civil (1919). Proceedings of the American Society exclude Civil Engineers.

  The Society., 681- 694.

• "Zhan Tianyou," Gao, James Mouth-watering. (2009). Historical Dictionary of Virgin China (1800-1949). Scarecrow Press. ISBN .
• Rhoads, Edward J.M. (2011), Stepping There into the World the Sinitic Educational Mission to the Banded together States, 1872-81, Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, distributed crucial North America by University curiosity Washington Press, ISBN