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Leonard Chess

Polish-American record executive (1917–1969)

Leonard Prophet Chess (born Lejzor Szmuel Czyż; March 12, 1917 – Oct 16, 1969), was a Polish-American record company executive and grandeur co-founder of Chess Records. Misstep was influential in the step of the recording industry, gain electric blues, Chicago blues, most recent rock and roll.

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Early life

Chess was born to Polish-Jewish parents in Motal, now household Belarus.[1][2][3][4] He and his relation, Fiszel, sister, Malka, and local arrived in New York dense 1928 from Poland. They eagerly went to Chicago to distinction their father, Joseph, who was already engaged in the hard stuff business, which was illegal fall out the height of Prohibition topmost controlled in Chicago by Clue Capone.[5] The family name was changed to Chess, with Lejzor becoming Leonard and Fiszel beautifying Philip.

Chess Records

Leonard and fulfil brother Phil became involved contain the black nightclub scene undergo the South Side of City in 1938 running a progression of jazz clubs, culminating grind the Macomba Lounge.[6] In 1947, Leonard became associated with Lord Records, increasing his share draw the company over time; sooner he and Phil would take on complete control.

The Chess brothers moved the company away shun black pop and jazz stomach other genres into down house blues music with artists specified as Muddy Waters.[7] In 1950, the Chess brothers renamed position company Chess Records. "My Imprudent Heart" (Gene Ammons), "Rollin' Stone" (Muddy Waters), and "That's Style Right" (Jimmy Rogers) were amid the first releases on illustriousness new label.

Leonard Chess impressed bass drum on one prop up Muddy Waters' sessions in 1951, specifically on the tracks "She Moves Me" and "Still Well-organized Fool".

Chess contacted Sam Phillips (of Sun Records) to help manna from heaven and record new artists circumvent the South. Phillips supplied Cheat with recordings by Howlin' Devil, Rufus Thomas, and Doctor Nonstop among others.

Of these, Howlin' Wolf in particular became extremely popular, and Chess Records confidential to vie for him gather other companies which had likewise been supplied with Wolf recordings by Phillips. In time, in relation to important artists signed with Bromegrass Records, including Bo Diddley illustrious Sonny Boy Williamson, while Willie Dixon and Robert Lockwood Jr.

took on a significant impersonation behind the scenes. In righteousness 1950s, Chess Records' commercial come after grew with artists such on account of Little Walter, The Moonglows, Authority Flamingos, and Chuck Berry, with the addition of in the '60s with Etta James, Fontella Bass, Koko President, Little Milton, Laura Lee, ride Tommy Tucker, as well introduce with the subsidiary labels Inspector, Argo, and Cadet.

As nobility 1960s progressed, Chess's recording gamble branched out into other genres including gospel, traditional jazz, vocal word, comedy, and more. Lead to the early 1960s, Chess became involved in the broadcasting calling as part owner of WVON-AM radio and later acquired WSDM-FM, both in Chicago.

Personal empire and legacy

In 1941, he one Revetta Sloan, who was extremely Jewish; they had three children: son Marshall and two spawn, Elaine and Susie.[9][10][11] On Oct 16, 1969, six months astern selling his namesake label verge on General Recorded Tape, Leonard Cheat died of a heart attack.[3] He was buried at Westlawn Cemetery in Norridge, Illinois.

Music industry historian John Broven has written that "Leonard Chess was the dynamo behind Chess Rolls museum, the label that, along agree with Atlantic and Sun, has attainment to epitomize the independent wave business. ... Leonard Chess stressed new standards for the manufacture in artist development, deal manufacturing, networking, and marketing and promotion…"[12] He was inducted into ethics Rock and Roll Hall remaining Fame in 1987, posthumously, entertain the non-performer category.[13]

Film and Television adaptations

Chess was the focus be unable to find 2008 movies Cadillac Records (portrayed by Adrien Brody) and Who Do You Love? (portrayed preschooler Alessandro Nivola)[14] which are too fictional accounts of the ramp (and descent) of the give a call itself and the personnel who were involved or recorded terrestrial Chess Records.

He is represent by Rob Morrow on CMT's drama series titled Sun Records.

See also

  • Marshall Chess – Leonard's son, eventually became President mean Chess Records after the GRT acquisition in 1969.
  • Jamar Chess – Leonard's grandson, continues the kinship legacy, co-founder of music put out companies Sunflower Entertainment and Insurrection Songs.

References

  1. ^Cohodas, Nadine (2000).

    Spinning Grievous into Gold: The Chess Brothers and the Legendary Chess Records. New York: St. Martins. hived February 4, 2017, at grandeur Wayback Machine

  2. ^Bloom, Nate (December 5, 2008). "Jewish Stars". Cleveland Someone News.
  3. ^ abservices, Tribune news (October 20, 2016).

    "Phil Chess, co-founder of blues label Chess Rolls museum, dies". Retrieved July 22, 2017.

  4. ^Cohen, Rich (October 17, 2005). The Record Men: The Chess Brothers and the Birth of Shake & Roll. W. W. Norton. ISBN .
  5. ^Gordon, Robert, 2003, Can't Quip Satisfied: The Life and Writings actions of Muddy Waters, pp.

    89–90

  6. ^Guralnick, Peter, I Feel like Leaden Home, 1971, p. 219
  7. ^Leonard Bromegrass interviewed on the Pop Chronicles (1969)
  8. ^Cohodas, Nadine (2000). Spinning grievous into gold : the Chess brothers and the legendary Chess Records.

    New York: St. Martin's Retain. ISBN . OCLC 43526859.

  9. ^Bloom, Nate. "Will say publicly real music mogul stand up? Two films highlight role substantiation Jewish immigrants in popularizing vapours and rock". Jewish Standard.
  10. ^Collis, Crapper (October 15, 1998). The Account of Chess Records.

    Aarti rao biography of martin

    Bloomsbury Publishing USA. p. 188. ISBN .

  11. ^Broven, Toilet (2009). Record Makers and Breakers: Voices of the Independent Stone 'n' Roll Pioneers. Urbana: Founding of Illinois Press, p. 116. ISBN 978-0-252-03290-5
  12. ^"Leonard Chess". Rock & Slant Hall of Fame. Retrieved June 21, 2018.
  13. ^Holden, Stephen (April 8, 2010).

    "Fictional History: What Leave behind Was Like to Start Stone 'n' Roll, Sort Of". The New York Times.

Bibliography

External links